How ADHD Medications Work in the Brain

ADHD medications do not add dopamine to the brain; they change how dopamine is handled in the gaps between brain cells. This explanation covers how the reward system differs in people with ADHD, how methylphenidate and amphetamine-based medications act on transporter proteins and dopamine release, and how that affects attention over time.

■ The ADHD Brain
- Dopamine's role in deciding what deserves attention and reward
- Why long-term tasks are harder to stick with and distraction comes easier

■ How Medications Act on Dopamine
- Methylphenidate and the transporter proteins that clear dopamine
- Amphetamine-based medications and increased dopamine release
- Changes in reward valuation about an hour after taking medication

■ Treatment Considerations
- Side effects and the time needed to find the right treatment
- The role of a supportive environment

Those living with ADHD, their families, and anyone seeking a clear overview of stimulant medication mechanisms will come away with a better understanding of what these medications do and do not address.